Polymeric Nanocomposite Antifouling Coating Development for Reverse Osmosis Membrane Performance Enhancement

Abstract

Membrane fouling remains one of the major limitations affecting the efficiency, operational stability, and lifespan of reverse osmosis (RO) systems used in water purification and desalination processes. This study investigates the development of a polymeric nanocomposite antifouling coating for enhancing reverse osmosis membrane performance under varying operating conditions. The proposed coating incorporates functional nanomaterials within a polymer matrix to improve surface hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and resistance to organic and biological fouling. A comprehensive experimental and analytical evaluation was conducted to examine the influence of nanoparticle dispersion, coating thickness, surface morphology, and operating pressure on membrane filtration performance. The nanocomposite coating was engineered to minimize contaminant adhesion and reduce pore blockage through enhanced surface energy characteristics and antimicrobial activity. Performance analysis demonstrated significant improvements in water flux, salt rejection efficiency, and fouling resistance compared to uncoated membranes. Surface characterization studies further revealed reduced roughness and enhanced wettability, contributing to lower accumulation of foulants on the membrane surface. Long-term operational assessments confirmed improved durability and stable filtration efficiency during continuous treatment cycles. The integration of nanocomposite materials into polymeric coatings also contributed to enhanced chemical resistance and mechanical strength, supporting extended membrane service life.