Iron-Based Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesis for In-Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Groundwater Plumes

Abstract

Groundwater contamination caused by chlorinated solvents has become a critical environmental issue due to the persistence, toxicity, and mobility of these compounds in subsurface environments. This study investigates the synthesis and application of iron-based bimetallic nanoparticles for the in-situ remediation of chlorinated solvent groundwater plumes. The developed nanoparticles were engineered to enhance reductive dechlorination efficiency through improved catalytic activity, surface reactivity, and contaminant interaction within groundwater systems. A systematic experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of synthesis conditions, particle morphology, metal composition, and reaction parameters on remediation performance. The bimetallic structure combines zero-valent iron with secondary catalytic metals to accelerate electron transfer mechanisms and promote rapid degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. Characterization studies confirmed uniform nanoparticle dispersion, high surface area, and enhanced chemical stability suitable for subsurface remediation applications. Batch and flow-based remediation analyses demonstrated significant removal efficiencies for chlorinated solvents, accompanied by reduced toxicity and improved groundwater quality indicators. The nanoparticles exhibited strong reactivity under varying pH and contaminant concentration conditions, supporting effective treatment in heterogeneous aquifer environments. Furthermore, the in-situ application strategy minimized excavation requirements and reduced secondary environmental impacts compared to conventional remediation techniques. The findings highlight the potential of iron-based bimetallic nanoparticles as an efficient and sustainable solution for groundwater restoration and environmental risk reduction.