Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for Distributed Air Quality Monitoring in Chemical Industrial Zones

Abstract

Air pollution monitoring in chemical industrial zones is critical for protecting environmental quality, public health, and industrial safety due to the continuous release of hazardous gaseous pollutants and particulate emissions. This study presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture for distributed air quality monitoring in chemical industrial zones to enable real-time environmental surveillance and intelligent pollution management. The proposed architecture integrates low-power wireless sensor nodes, environmental sensing technologies, data communication protocols, and centralized monitoring platforms for continuous acquisition and analysis of air quality parameters. Key pollutants, including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter, were monitored using distributed sensing units strategically deployed across industrial regions. The WSN framework was designed to optimize network coverage, energy efficiency, communication reliability, and data transmission stability under varying industrial operating conditions. Experimental and simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate sensor accuracy, network latency, packet delivery performance, and system scalability in large-scale monitoring environments. Results demonstrated that the distributed sensor network provided reliable real-time pollutant detection and improved spatial coverage compared to conventional centralized monitoring systems. The architecture also enabled rapid identification of pollution hotspots and abnormal emission events through continuous environmental data collection and intelligent processing mechanisms. Furthermore, the integration of cloud-based analytics and remote monitoring interfaces enhanced decision-making capability and operational responsiveness for industrial environmental management.