IoT-Based Continuous Emission Monitoring System for SO2 and NOx in Thermal Power Plant Stacks

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of gaseous emissions from thermal power plants is essential for ensuring environmental compliance and reducing the impact of air pollution on public health and ecosystems. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) for real-time measurement and analysis of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in thermal power plant stacks. The proposed system integrates smart gas sensing technologies, wireless communication networks, cloud-based data management, and automated analytics to enable continuous environmental monitoring and intelligent emission control. High-precision gas sensors were deployed within stack monitoring units to measure SO₂ and NOx concentrations under varying plant operating conditions. The IoT-enabled architecture facilitates real-time data acquisition, remote monitoring, automated alert generation, and centralized environmental reporting through interconnected digital platforms. Advanced data processing and predictive analytics were incorporated to identify abnormal emission trends, optimize combustion conditions, and support preventive maintenance strategies. Experimental and simulation analyses demonstrated high monitoring accuracy, rapid response capability, and reliable communication performance compared to conventional periodic emission monitoring approaches. The system effectively enhanced operational transparency and regulatory compliance by enabling continuous tracking of emission levels and immediate detection of exceedance conditions. Furthermore, cloud-integrated monitoring improved data accessibility, storage efficiency, and long-term environmental performance analysis for large-scale thermal power generation facilities.