Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Supplies Using Advanced Oxidation and Biofiltration

Abstract

The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water supplies has become a significant environmental and public health concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse effects on human and aquatic life even at trace concentrations. This study investigates the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds from water supplies using an integrated treatment approach combining advanced oxidation processes and biofiltration technologies. The proposed treatment framework utilizes advanced oxidation to degrade complex organic contaminants through the generation of highly reactive oxidative species, followed by biofiltration for the removal of residual organic by-products and enhanced water polishing. A comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of oxidant dosage, reaction time, pH, hydraulic retention time, filter media characteristics, and microbial activity on treatment efficiency and process stability. Key endocrine-disrupting compounds, including pharmaceutical residues, phenolic compounds, and hormone-like pollutants, were analyzed under varying operational conditions to assess degradation kinetics and removal performance. Results demonstrated significant reductions in EDC concentration, organic pollutant load, and toxicity indicators through the synergistic interaction of oxidation and biological treatment mechanisms. The integrated system also exhibited improved contaminant mineralization efficiency and reduced formation of secondary pollutants compared to standalone treatment approaches. Comparative analysis revealed enhanced operational reliability, stable long-term treatment performance, and improved water quality suitable for potable and non-potable reuse applications.