Smart Electrochemical Sensor Array for Simultaneous Multi-Pollutant Detection in Industrial Effluent Streams

Abstract

Accurate and continuous monitoring of industrial effluent quality is essential for ensuring environmental compliance, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and optimizing wastewater treatment performance. Conventional analytical techniques for pollutant detection often require complex laboratory procedures and are limited in their ability to provide real-time multi-parameter monitoring in dynamic industrial environments. This study presents the development of a smart electrochemical sensor array for simultaneous multi-pollutant detection in industrial effluent streams. The proposed sensing platform integrates multiple electrochemical sensing elements, intelligent signal processing, and real-time data acquisition systems to enable rapid and selective detection of diverse contaminants under varying wastewater conditions. The sensor array was designed to monitor key pollutants including heavy metals, organic compounds, pH variations, conductivity, and nutrient concentrations through integrated electrochemical measurement techniques such as voltammetry and amperometric sensing. Advanced material engineering and surface functionalization methods were employed to enhance sensor sensitivity, selectivity, response stability, and resistance to fouling in harsh industrial effluent environments. Experimental and analytical evaluations demonstrated high detection accuracy, rapid response time, and reliable simultaneous monitoring capability compared to conventional single-parameter sensing systems. The integrated smart monitoring framework also enabled automated data interpretation, anomaly detection, and remote environmental surveillance through digital communication interfaces. Comparative analysis revealed significant improvements in pollutant identification efficiency, operational reliability, and real-time monitoring performance under continuous wastewater treatment conditions.