Metal-Organic Framework Composite Adsorbents for Selective CO2 Capture from Industrial Flue Gas Streams

Abstract

The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial activities has intensified the need for efficient and selective carbon capture technologies to mitigate climate change and support sustainable industrial operations. This study investigates the development of metal-organic framework (MOF) composite adsorbents for selective CO₂ capture from industrial flue gas streams under varying operating conditions. The proposed adsorbent system integrates highly porous MOF structures with composite support materials to enhance adsorption capacity, selectivity, thermal stability, and mechanical durability for large-scale gas separation applications. A comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of pore structure, surface functionalization, adsorbent composition, temperature, pressure, gas flow rate, and moisture content on CO₂ adsorption performance and regeneration efficiency. Advanced characterization techniques confirmed the formation of high-surface-area composite adsorbents with improved structural integrity and optimized adsorption sites suitable for selective carbon dioxide capture. Performance evaluation demonstrated significant improvements in CO₂ adsorption capacity and selectivity compared to conventional adsorbent materials under simulated industrial flue gas conditions. The MOF composite adsorbents also exhibited enhanced cyclic stability, rapid adsorption kinetics, and reduced performance degradation during repeated adsorption-desorption operations. Comparative analysis revealed that optimized composite architectures substantially improve gas separation efficiency through enhanced molecular interaction and selective pore diffusion mechanisms.