Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Using Recycled Industrial Waste Aggregates

Abstract

The construction industry is a major contributor to natural resource depletion and environmental degradation due to extensive use of conventional concrete materials. In recent years, sustainable concrete incorporating recycled industrial waste aggregates has gained significant attention as an eco-friendly alternative aimed at reducing environmental impact while maintaining structural performance. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of sustainable concrete produced using recycled industrial waste aggregates such as fly ash, slag, construction and demolition waste, and silica fume. The methodology involves the preparation of concrete mixes with varying percentages of recycled aggregates replacing natural coarse and fine aggregates. Standard mix design procedures are followed to ensure consistency in material proportions. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability characteristics are evaluated through experimental testing. In addition, water absorption, permeability, and resistance to chemical attacks are analyzed to assess long-term performance. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is conducted to examine the bonding characteristics between cement paste and recycled aggregates. The results indicate that sustainable concrete with optimized proportions of industrial waste aggregates exhibits comparable mechanical performance to conventional concrete. It is also observed that the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials enhances hydration and improves overall durability. However, higher replacement levels may lead to reduced strength due to increased porosity and weaker interfacial bonding.